Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kwh₂et-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative reconstructions

*kwath₂-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
*kweth₂-^[5]

Root

*kwh₂et-

to bubble, to foam
to ferment, become sour

Derived terms

*kwáth₂-e-ti (“to bubble, foam”, thematic present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kwátʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kwátʰati
    - Sanskrit: (Vedic) क्वथन्त् (kváthant-), (Classical) क्वथते (kváthate)^[2]
*kwoth₂-éye-ti (“to let bubble”, causative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kwātʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kwātʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: क्वाथयति (kvātháyati)^[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *hwaþjaną
  - Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕaþjan, “to foam”)
Proto-Hellenic: *kʷotamós (“river”)
- Ancient Greek: ποταμός (potamós)^[5]
>? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷētʰus (sea goddess)
- Ancient Greek: Τηθῡ́ς (Tēthū́s)^[5]
- >? Ancient Greek: τήθεα (tḗthea, “sea squirt”)
>? Proto-Slavic: *kvȃsъ (“leaven, fermented drink”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)
>? Latin: cāseus (“cheese”)^[3] (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 374
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “KVATH^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 420
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cāseus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 627
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*ku̯eth₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3], page 51
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvȃsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258: “m. o (c) ‘leaven, fermented drink’”

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 374

[EWAia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “KVATH^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 420

[EDL-3] 3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cāseus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 627

[LIVadd-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*ku̯eth₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3], page 51

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvȃsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258: “m. o (c) ‘leaven, fermented drink’”

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