Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂élis-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*h₂éls-

Etymology

Likely a substrate term,^[1]^[2] especially given the irregular variations in the Balto-Slavic anlaut^[3]^[4] and in the suffix.^[5]^[6] Note the complementary distribution with synonymous *wern-, which might therefore have been the native PIE term.

Noun

*h₂élis- f^[7]

alder
Synonym: *wern-

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

*h₂élis-eh₂^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ališāˀ, *elišāˀ^[3]
  - Proto-Slavic: *olьxa, *elьxa, *olьša, *elьša^[3]
    - Belarusian: алёс (aljós), во́льха (vólʹxa)
    - Bulgarian: елха́ (elhá)
    - Polish: olcha, olsza
    - Russian: ольха́ (olʹxá)
    - Ukrainian: ві́льха (vílʹxa)
- Proto-Germanic: *alizō^[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Macedonian: ἄλιζα (áliza)^[2]
*h₂él(i)s-nos
- >? Hittite: 𒄑𒀀𒆷𒀭𒍝 (^GIŠa-la-an-za /⁠alanza(n)⁠/)^[8] (if meaning “alder”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *als(i)nis, *els(i)nis^[3]
  - Latvian: al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis, alksìnis
  - Lithuanian: àlksnis, èlksnis
  - Old Prussian: abskande
- Proto-Italic: *alsnos^[5]
  - Latin: alnus (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 40
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄλιζα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 67–68
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Derksen, Rick (2015) “alksnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 50–51
^ Matasović, Ranko (2013) “Substratum words in Balto-Slavic”, in Filologija, volume 60, Zagreb, published 2014, page 83 of 75–102: “PSl. *olьxa ‘alder’ […]”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “alnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 34–35: “*alsno-”
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*alis/z-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 22
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 158: “*hₐéliso-”
^ Puhvel, Jaan (1984) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 1), volume I, Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton, pages 29–30

[1] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 40

[Beekes-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄλιζα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 67–68

[Derksen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Derksen, Rick (2015) “alksnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 50–51

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2013) “Substratum words in Balto-Slavic”, in Filologija, volume 60, Zagreb, published 2014, page 83 of 75–102: “PSl. *olьxa ‘alder’ […]”

[de_Vaan-5] 5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “alnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 34–35: “*alsno-”

[Kroonen-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*alis/z-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 22

[TOitPIEatPIEw-7] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 158: “*hₐéliso-”

[8] Puhvel, Jaan (1984) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 1), volume I, Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton, pages 29–30

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