Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wérus
Appearance
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *h₁wer- (“broad”) + *-us (Caland system suffix).
Adjective
[edit]*h₁wérus[1]
Inflection
[edit]Older proterokinetic pattern:
Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | ||
nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
accusative | *h₁wérum | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérums |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
accusative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | ||
nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
accusative | *h₁urúm | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúms |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
accusative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis |
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₁weru-no-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwárunas
- *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN