Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷelh₂-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

acorn

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelh₂- (7 c, 0 e)

*gʷelh₂-gʷl̥h₂ (reduplication)^[3]
- Proto-Albanian: *gāgul
  - Albanian: gogël
*gʷelh₂-ond⁽ʰ⁾-is^[1]^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gelandis
  - Proto-Slavic: *želǫdь (see there for further descendants)
*gʷl̥h₂-nd⁽ʰ⁾-is^[1]
- Proto-Italic: *glānts < *gʷlānds
  - Latin: glāns (see there for further descendants)
*gʷl̥h₂-eh₁^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīlˀē
  - Latvian: zīle
  - Lithuanian: gìlė̃, gỹlė̃
  - Old Prussian: gile
*gʷĺ̥h₂-nos or *gʷl̥h₂-enos^[1]^[2]^[6]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: կաղին (kałin)
    - Armenian: կաղին (kaġin)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷə́lanos
  - Ancient Greek: βᾰ́λᾰνος (bálanos)
*dyew-gʷl̥h₂-eno- (“divine acorn”)^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Armenian: *tukułin ← *tukałin
  - Old Armenian:
    - Armenian: տկողին (tkoġin, “hazelnut”)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: Διὸς βάλᾰνος (Diòs bálanos), διοσβάλᾰνος (diosbálanos, “sweet chestnut”)
- Proto-Italic: *djouglānts
  - Latin: iūglāns (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Indo-Aryan:
    - >? Sanskrit: गुल (gula, “glans penis, clitoris”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glāns”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 263–264
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βάλανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Demiraj, B. (1997) “gogël”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “gile”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[2] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žȅlǫdь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 236, 348–349
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[3], number 10, page 112

[De_Vaan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glāns”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 263–264

[Beekes-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βάλανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

[Demiraj-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Demiraj, B. (1997) “gogël”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[Mažiulis-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “gile”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[2] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[Derksen_2008-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žȅlǫdь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556

[Martirosyan-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 236, 348–349

[Martirosyan_2013-7] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[3], number 10, page 112

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