Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*bʰarekʷ-, *bʰₔrekʷ-,^[1] *bʰerk-,^[2] *bʰrak-,^[3] *bʰreg-^[4]

Etymology

Reconstructed with a labiovelar to include Latin frequēns^[5], but due to this unusual root structure, possibly a substrate borrowing.^[6]

Root

*bʰrekʷ-^[5]

to condense
to crowd together

Derived terms

*bʰr̥kʷ-yé-ti (“ye-present”)^[5]^[2]^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *farkjō^[4]
  - Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō (possibly^[1], or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))
  - Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)
*bʰr̥kʷ-s-^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)
  - Latin: fraxō
*bʰrékʷ-nt-s ~ *bʰr̥kʷ-nt-ós^[5]^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *frekʷents
  - Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bharek^u̯-, *bhₔrek^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 110-111
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 488-489
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 383-384
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “farciō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰrek^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 93-94
^ Corbeau, Alain Louis (2013) Phonological Root Structure Constraints in Proto-Indo-European (ResMA thesis), Alwin Kloekhorst, supervisor, Leiden: Leiden University, page 38

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bharek^u̯-, *bhₔrek^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 110-111

[Schrijver-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 488-489

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 383-384

[EDL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “farciō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202

[LIV-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰrek^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 93-94

[6] Corbeau, Alain Louis (2013) Phonological Root Structure Constraints in Proto-Indo-European (ResMA thesis), Alwin Kloekhorst, supervisor, Leiden: Leiden University, page 38

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