Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hroth₂ós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *Hreth₂- (“to run”) + *-ós; the question of the exact relation between this adjective and Latin rota (“wheel, chariot”) remains unresolved; see the Latin entry for more.
Adjective
[edit]*Hroth₂ós
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *Hroth₂ós | *Hroth₂éh₂ | |
| genitive | *Hroth₂ósyo | *Hroth₂éh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Hroth₂ós | *Hroth₂óh₁ | *Hroth₂óes |
| vocative | *Hroth₂é | *Hroth₂óh₁ | *Hroth₂óes |
| accusative | *Hroth₂óm | *Hroth₂óh₁ | *Hroth₂óms |
| genitive | *Hroth₂ósyo | *? | *Hroth₂óHom |
| ablative | *Hroth₂éad | *? | *Hroth₂ómos, *Hroth₂óbʰos |
| dative | *Hroth₂óey | *? | *Hroth₂ómos, *Hroth₂óbʰos |
| locative | *Hroth₂éy, *Hroth₂óy | *? | *Hroth₂óysu |
| instrumental | *Hroth₂óh₁ | *? | *Hroth₂ṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Hroth₂éh₂ | *Hroth₂éh₂h₁(e) | *Hroth₂éh₂es |
| vocative | *Hroth₂éh₂ | *Hroth₂éh₂h₁(e) | *Hroth₂éh₂es |
| accusative | *Hroth₂ā́m | *Hroth₂éh₂h₁(e) | *Hroth₂éh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *Hroth₂éh₂s | *? | *Hroth₂éh₂oHom |
| ablative | *Hroth₂éh₂s | *? | *Hroth₂éh₂mos, *Hroth₂éh₂bʰos |
| dative | *Hroth₂éh₂ey | *? | *Hroth₂éh₂mos, *Hroth₂éh₂bʰos |
| locative | *Hroth₂éh₂, *Hroth₂éh₂i | *? | *Hroth₂éh₂su |
| instrumental | *Hroth₂éh₂h₁ | *? | *Hroth₂éh₂mis, *Hroth₂éh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Hroth₂óm | *Hroth₂óy(h₁) | *Hroth₂éh₂ |
| vocative | *Hroth₂óm | *Hroth₂óy(h₁) | *Hroth₂éh₂ |
| accusative | *Hroth₂óm | *Hroth₂óy(h₁) | *Hroth₂éh₂ |
| genitive | *Hroth₂ósyo | *? | *Hroth₂óHom |
| ablative | *Hroth₂éad | *? | *Hroth₂ómos, *Hroth₂óbʰos |
| dative | *Hroth₂óey | *? | *Hroth₂ómos, *Hroth₂óbʰos |
| locative | *Hroth₂éy, *Hroth₂óy | *? | *Hroth₂óysu |
| instrumental | *Hroth₂óh₁ | *? | *Hroth₂ṓys |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]- Despite root accent in Sanskrit and Germanic, an oxytone adjective must be reconstructed for semantic reasons. An *(ó)-os noun would be expected to refer to the action of running, not the actually attested meaning of "an object that performs running".
- The Sanskrit and Germanic accentual position can only be arrived at by supposing a secondary derivational retraction of the accent to the root syllable, used as a way to nominalize an adjective.[1][2]
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Celtic: *rotos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *raþą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrátʰas (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feure, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Adjectifs verbaux et participes dans les langues indoeuropéennes. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, pages 232–266
- ^ David Stifter (2008 July) “Old Prussian kelleweſze ‘Driver of a Cart’”, in Historische Sprachforschungen[1], volume 121, number 1, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 281-82 fn. 3