Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kt
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Limited to PNIE and possibly built upon an intrusive velar or a velar extension.
Suffix
[edit]- Forms perfective verbs from roots.
Inflection
[edit]| Perfective, athematic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(é)-kt | |||
| 3rd plural | *(∅)-ként | |||
| Active voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-km̥ | — | *(é)-koh₂ | *(∅)-kyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-ks | *(é)-k, *(∅)-kdʰí | *(é)-kesi | *(∅)-kyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-kt | *(é)-ktu | *(é)-keti | *(∅)-kyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *(∅)-kwé | — | *(é)-kowos | *(∅)-kih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *(∅)-któm | *(∅)-któm | *(é)-ketes | *(∅)-kih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *(∅)-ktā́m | *(∅)-ktā́m | *(é)-ketes | *(∅)-kih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *(∅)-kmé | — | *(é)-komos | *(∅)-kih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *(∅)-kté | *(∅)-kté | *(é)-kete | *(∅)-kih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *(∅)-ként | *(∅)-kéntu | *(é)-konti | *(∅)-kih₁ént |
| Participle | *(∅)-kónts | |||
| Middle voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(∅)-kh₂é | — | *(é)-koh₂er | *(∅)-kih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *(∅)-kth₂é | *(∅)-ksó | *(é)-keth₂er | *(∅)-kih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *(∅)-któ, *(∅)-kó | *? | *(é)-ketor | *(∅)-kih₁tó, *(∅)-kih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *(∅)-kwédʰh₂ | — | *(é)-kowosdʰh₂ | *(∅)-kih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(∅)-kmédʰh₂ | — | *(é)-komosdʰh₂ | *(∅)-kih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(∅)-kdʰh₂wé | *(∅)-kdʰh₂wé | *(é)-kedʰh₂we | *(∅)-kih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *(∅)-kn̥tó, *(∅)-kró | *? | *(é)-kontor | *(∅)-kih₁ró |
| Participle | *(∅)-km̥h₁nós | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-kt not found
- Proto-Hellenic: *-kə
- Ancient Greek: -κα (-ka)
Further reading
[edit]- Jasanoff, Jay H. (2017–2018) “Chapter III: Historical perspectives on Indo-European linguistics”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The impact of Hittite and Tocharian: Rethinking Indo-European in the 20th century and beyond, page 224
- Rix, Helmut (1992) Historische Grammatik des Griechischen: Laut- und Formenlehre (in German), 2nd edition, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, →ISBN, §7.3.3.1 Wurzelaorist und -k-Aorist, pages 214-215
References
[edit]- ^ J. A., Kerns, Benjamin, Schwartz (1972) A Sketch of the Indo-European Finite Verb, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 14
- ^ Kortlandt, Frederik (2016) “The Indo-European k-aorist”, in Frederik Kortlandt: Other electronic publications[1]