Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Particle
[edit]*g(ʰ)i or *g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o
- Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact
- Discourse particle: indeed, of course, surely
Usage notes
[edit]The particle was indeclinable in Proto-Indo-European. Some daughter languages, particularly Italic, added pronominal inflection later, as also occurred with the particles *de, *h₂ew, and *ḱe. This particle could either be postposed to the word it intensified (e.g. *Hyód-gʰe wóyde “that which he knows”) or that it otherwise modified (e.g. *né-gʰí “not at all, not indeed”), or it could begin discourse in which it is placed before everything else (e.g. *gʰí … “of course, …”). The presence or lack of aspiration as well as the ablaut grade appear to have been completely arbitrary, and may have been subject to dialectal variation.