Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/qrep

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016)^[1] reconstructs *klˠ- as the initial.

Etymology

Compare Tibeto-Burman

Noun

*qrep

bear (animal)

Descendants

Hmongic
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: ɬji⁵³
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tɬja³⁵
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ɬje¹¹
- Sheic
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ko¹²kle⁵⁵
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: po⁵³tɬa³¹
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: mi³³ (Buyi loanword)
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: kjei⁴⁴
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²qle³³
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: tɬe⁴²
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ɬe⁴⁴
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tɬai¹¹
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tɬai³³
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): tɕop⁵⁵
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): kəu⁵⁴
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): kjap⁵⁴
  - Fanghai (Tansan): kjaːp³⁵
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: kjəp⁵⁴
  - Luoxiang: kjep⁴³
- Biao Min
  - Shikou: kljɛ³⁵
  - Niuweizhai: kɣwa⁵⁵

References

^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)

[1] Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145

[1]