Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wundō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *wundiz

Etymology

Nominal formation from *wundaz (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s, from a root *wen- (“to strive, toil, win”), invoking a sense of "toiled (in battle)". Kroonen considers the word related to *winnaną (“idem”), while Orel compares Welsh ymwan (“to battle”) and perhaps Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”). It is possible that all these terms are related to each other, as well.

Older theories derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”), from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “proposed cognates under this theory? or is this a re-phrasing of the theory above?”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwun.dɔː/

Noun

*wundō f

1. wound

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *wundō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wundō	*wundôz
vocative	*wundō	*wundôz
accusative	*wundǭ	*wundōz
genitive	*wundōz	*wundǫ̂
dative	*wundōi	*wundōmaz
instrumental	*wundō	*wundōmiz

Derived terms

• *haubidawundō
• *haubudawundō
• *wundōną

Related terms

• *wanjō
• *wundaz (“wounded”)
  • Proto-West Germanic: *wund
    • Old English: wund
    • Old Saxon: wund
    • Old High German: wunt
      • Middle High German: wunt
        • German: wund
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (haubiþwunds)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wundu
  • Old English: wund
    • Middle English: wund, wonde, wound
      • English: wound
      • Scots: wond, wound
  • Old Frisian: wunde, unde
    • Saterland Frisian: Wuunde
    • West Frisian: wûne
  • Old Saxon: wunda
    • Middle Low German: wunde
      • German Low German: Wunn
  • Old Dutch: wunda
    • Middle Dutch: wunde, wonde
      • Dutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde
        • Afrikaans: wond
        • Negerhollands: wond
      • Limburgish: wónj
  • Old High German: wunta
    • Middle High German: wunde
      • Cimbrian: bunta
      • German: Wunde
      • Luxembourgish: Wonn
      • Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /⁠wundu⁠/)
  • Old Norse: und
    • Icelandic: und
    • Old Swedish: und
    • Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)
• Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda) (attested in compound 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (wundufni))