Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiþrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wíterom, adverbial accusative of *wíteros, from *wi (“apart”) +‎ *-teros (comparative).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wiθ.rɑ̃/

Preposition

*wiþrą

1. toward, against [with accusative]

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wiþr
  • Old English: wiþer
    • Middle English: wither
      • English: wither
      • Scots: wither, quither
  • Old Frisian: wither
    • Saterland Frisian: wieder, wier
    • West Frisian: wider, weer
  • Old Saxon: withar
    • Middle Low German: weder, wedder
      • Low German: wedder
  • Old Dutch: wither
    • Middle Dutch: wēder, wēer
      • Dutch: weder, weer
        • Afrikaans: weer
  • Old High German: widar
    • Middle High German: wider
      • German: wider, wieder
      • Hunsrik: witter
• Old Norse: við, viðr
  • Icelandic: við, viður
  • Faroese: við
  • Norwegian: ved
  • Elfdalian: wið
  • Old Swedish: vīþ, viþer
    • Swedish: vid, veder-
  • Danish: ved
  • Old Gutnish: wiþr, wiþ
  • Icelandic: viður
  • Faroese: viður
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ved, vid
  • Elfdalian: wið
  • Old Swedish: viþer, vedher
    • Swedish: ved
  • Old Danish: with
    • Danish: ved
      • Norwegian Bokmål: ved
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (wiþra)

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN