Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/westraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

PIE word
*wek(ʷ)speros

From Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening, dusk”), with the -p- passing to -t- under the influence of the dentals in *austraz, *nurþraz, *sunþraz.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwes.trɑz/

Adjective

*westraz (comparative *westrōzô, superlative *westrōstaz)

west, western

Inflection

Declension of *westraz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*westraz	*westrai	*westrō	*westrôz	*westrą, -atō	*westrō
Accusative	*westranǭ	*westranz	*westrǭ	*westrōz	*westrą, -atō	*westrō
Genitive	*westras, -is	*westraizǫ̂	*westraizōz	*westraizǫ̂	*westras, -is	*westraizǫ̂
Dative	*westrammai	*westraimaz	*westraizōi	*westraimaz	*westrammai	*westraimaz
Instrumental	*westranō	*westraimiz	*westraizō	*westraimiz	*westranō	*westraimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*westrô	*westraniz	*westrǭ	*westrōniz	*westrô	*westrōnō
Accusative	*westranų	*westranunz	*westrōnų	*westrōnunz	*westrô	*westrōnō
Genitive	*westriniz	*westranǫ̂	*westrōniz	*westrōnǫ̂	*westriniz	*westranǫ̂
Dative	*westrini	*westrammaz	*westrōni	*westrōmaz	*westrini	*westrammaz
Instrumental	*westrinē	*westrammiz	*westrōnē	*westrōmiz	*westrinē	*westrammiz

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

	*nurþraz
*westraz		*austraz
	*sunþraz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
- Old Saxon: westar
  - Middle Low German: wester
- Old High German: westar
  - Middle High German: wester

Adverb

*westraz (comparative *westrōz, superlative *westrōst)

west, westward

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
- Old English: west
  - Middle English: west
    - English: west
    - Scots: wast
  - → Old French: west (see there for further descendants)
- Old Frisian: wester
- Old High German: westar
  - Middle Low German: wester
Old Norse: vestr
- Icelandic: vestur
- Faroese: vestur
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: vest
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: vest
- Old Swedish: væster, væst
  - Swedish: väster, väst
- Old Danish: væster, væst
  - Danish: vest, vester

References

^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*westera-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 582-3

[1] Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*westera-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 582-3

[1]

[2]