Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *(H)uer-du-s, which could be related to *waraz (“watchful, aware”), in which case the original sense was "attender"; the related Old Norse verðr (“meal”) would then have had an earlier meaning of "attendance." Or, possibly related to *werþaną (“to come about, happen”), with sense development "turn" > " participation".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwer.duz/

Noun

*werduz m

1. host

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *werduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*werduz	*wirdiwiz
vocative	*werdu	*wirdiwiz
accusative	*werdų	*werdunz
genitive	*werdauz	*wirdiwǫ̂
dative	*wirdiwi	*werdumaz
instrumental	*werdū	*werdumiz

Descendants

• Old English: weard
  • Middle English: ward

    • English: ward

• Old Frisian: *werd (compare werda (“host”), werdskip (“feast”))
  • North Frisian: weerd
  • Saterland Frisian: Weerd
  • West Frisian: weard
• Old Saxon: werd, wird
  • Middle Low German: wert
    • German Low German: Weert
    • Plautdietsch: Wieet
    • → Norwegian: vert
    • → Swedish: värd
    • → Danish: vært
    • → Elfdalian: werd
    • → Gutnish: värt
    • → Polabian: vart
• Old Dutch: *wird
  • Middle Dutch: wert, wāert
    • Dutch: waard
      • Afrikaans: waard
• Old High German: *wirt
  • Middle High German: wirt
    • Bavarian:

      Cimbrian: biart, birt

      Mòcheno: birt

    • German: Wirt
    • Luxembourgish: Wiert
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wairdus)