Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twiznāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *twiznaz (“twine”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtwiz.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*twiznāną

1. to twine, wind threads

Inflection

Conjugation of *twiznāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*twiznō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*twiznaisi	?	*twiznai	*twiznāsai	?
3rd singular	*twiznaiþi	?	*twiznāþau	*twiznāþai	?
1st dual	*twiznōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*twiznāþiz	?	*twiznāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*twiznāmaz	?	—	*twiznānþai	?
2nd plural	*twiznaiþ	?	*twiznaiþ	*twiznānþai	?
3rd plural	*twiznānþi	?	*twiznānþau	*twiznānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*twiznadǭ	*twiznadēdį̄
2nd singular	*twiznadēz	*twiznadēdīz
3rd singular	*twiznadē	*twiznadēdī
1st dual	*twiznadēdū	*twiznadēdīw
2nd dual	*twiznadēdudiz	*twiznadēdīdiz
1st plural	*twiznadēdum	*twiznadēdīm
2nd plural	*twiznadēdud	*twiznadēdīd
3rd plural	*twiznadēdun	*twiznadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*twiznāndz	*twiznadaz

Alternative reconstructions

• *twiznōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
  • Old English: *twīnian
    • Middle English: twynen
      • English: twine
      • Scots: twine
  • Old Frisian: *twīnia
    • Saterland Frisian: twienje
    • West Frisian: twynje, twine
  • Old Saxon: *twirnōn
    • Middle Low German: twernen
      • Low German: twernen
  • Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
    • Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
      • Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
  • Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
    • Middle High German: zwirnen
      • German: zwirnen
• Old Norse: tvinna
  • Icelandic: tvinna
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: tvinne

  • Swedish: tvinna
  • Danish: tvinde