Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twalif

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Compound of *twai (“two”) and *-lif (“left over”), from *lībaną (“to remain, be left”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtwɑ.liɸ/

Numeral

Proto-Germanic cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *twalif     Ordinal : *twaliftô     Multiplier : *twaliffalþaz

*twalif

1. twelve

Derived terms

• *twaliftô
• *twalifwintruz

Descendants

• Old English: twelf, tuœlf — Northumbrian, tuelf
  • Middle English: twelve, twelfe, twelf, twælf, tuelf
    • English: twelve
    • Scots: twal, twol (obsolete twelf, twalf, tuelf)
• Old Frisian: twelif, twelef
  • North Frisian: tweelwen
  • Saterland Frisian: tweelif, tweelf, tweelich
  • West Frisian: tolve, tolf
• Old Saxon: twelif, twilif, twulif
  • Middle Low German: twelef, tweleve, twelve, twelf, twalf
    • German Low German: twölf, twalf, twalv
    • Plautdietsch: twelf
• Old Dutch: *twelif, *twalif
  • Middle Dutch: twelef, tweelf, twalef, twaelf
    • Dutch: twaalf
      • Afrikaans: twaalf
    • Limburgish: twelf
• Old High German: zwelif
  • Middle High German: zwelef, zwelf
    • Central Franconian: zwällef, zwellef (alternative spelling), zwöllef (Ripuarian variant from standard German)
    • Cimbrian: sbölbe
    • German: zwölf
    • Luxembourgish: zwielef
    • Vilamovian: cwełf
    • Yiddish: צוועלף (tsvelf)
• Old Norse: tolf, tólf, tvalf
  • Icelandic: tólf
  • Faroese: tólv
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tolv; (dialectal) tølv, tøl, tóv, tælv
  • Norwegian Bokmål: tolv
  • Elfdalian: tolv
  • Old Swedish: tolf
    • Swedish: tolv, (pre-1906 spelling) tolf
  • Old Danish: tolf
    • Danish: tolv
    • Scanian: tølw
  • Gutnish: tåll, tålv
• Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍆 (twalif)