Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twīflaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dwi-pl-o-s (“double, twofold”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”) + a zero-grade suffixed form *pl-o-s of *pel- (“to fold”). Identical with Ancient Greek διπλόος (diplóos, “double”) and Latin duplus.

Noun

*twīflaz m

1. doubt

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *twīflaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*twīflaz	*twīflōz, *twīflōs
vocative	*twīfl	*twīflōz, *twīflōs
accusative	*twīflą	*twīflanz
genitive	*twīflas, *twīflis	*twīflǫ̂
dative	*twīflai	*twīflamaz
instrumental	*twīflō	*twīflamiz

Related terms

• *twai
• *twīflijaną
• *twiflijaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *twīfl
  • Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel
    • Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel
    • West Frisian: twivel
  • Old Saxon: *twīfal
    • Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel
      • → Danish: tvivl
      • → Swedish: tvivel
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: tvil
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil
  • Old Dutch: twīfal
    • Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel
      • Dutch: twijfel
      • Limburgish: twiefel
  • Old High German: zwīfal
    • Middle High German: zwīvel
      • German: Zweifel
      • Luxembourgish: Zweiwel
• Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻 ? (tweifl) (accusative singular, lemma form ambiguous: see entry)