Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *turbz (“peat, turf”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*turbijaną

1. to extract peat
2. to cover with peat

Inflection

Conjugation of *turbijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turbijō	*turbijaų	—	*turbijai	?
2nd singular	*turbīsi	*turbijais	*turbī	*turbijasai	*turbijaisau
3rd singular	*turbīþi	*turbijai	*turbijaþau	*turbijaþai	*turbijaiþau
1st dual	*turbijōs	*turbijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*turbijaþiz	*turbijaiþiz	*turbijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*turbijamaz	*turbijaim	—	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau
2nd plural	*turbīþ	*turbijaiþ	*turbīþ	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau
3rd plural	*turbijanþi	*turbijain	*turbijanþau	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turbidǭ	*turbidēdį̄
2nd singular	*turbidēz	*turbidēdīz
3rd singular	*turbidē	*turbidēdī
1st dual	*turbidēdū	*turbidēdīw
2nd dual	*turbidēdudiz	*turbidēdīdiz
1st plural	*turbidēdum	*turbidēdīm
2nd plural	*turbidēdud	*turbidēdīd
3rd plural	*turbidēdun	*turbidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*turbijandz	*turbidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *turbijan
  • Old English: *tyrfan
    • ⇒ Old English: getyrfan
      • >? Middle English: tirven, terven, tyrven, tirfen
  • Old Dutch: *turven
    • Middle Dutch: turven, torven
      • Dutch: turven
• Old Norse: tyrfa
  • Icelandic: tyrfa