Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swammijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swimmaną (“to swim”) +‎ *-janą (“causative suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswɑm.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swammijaną

1. (transitive) to make swim

Inflection

Conjugation of *swammijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swammijō	*swammijaų	—	*swammijai	?
2nd singular	*swammīsi	*swammijais	*swammī	*swammijasai	*swammijaisau
3rd singular	*swammīþi	*swammijai	*swammijaþau	*swammijaþai	*swammijaiþau
1st dual	*swammijōs	*swammijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swammijaþiz	*swammijaiþiz	*swammijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*swammijamaz	*swammijaim	—	*swammijanþai	*swammijainþau
2nd plural	*swammīþ	*swammijaiþ	*swammīþ	*swammijanþai	*swammijainþau
3rd plural	*swammijanþi	*swammijain	*swammijanþau	*swammijanþai	*swammijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swammidǭ	*swammidēdį̄
2nd singular	*swammidēz	*swammidēdīz
3rd singular	*swammidē	*swammidēdī
1st dual	*swammidēdū	*swammidēdīw
2nd dual	*swammidēdudiz	*swammidēdīdiz
1st plural	*swammidēdum	*swammidēdīm
2nd plural	*swammidēdud	*swammidēdīd
3rd plural	*swammidēdun	*swammidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*swammijandz	*swammidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swammijan
  • Old English: *swemman
    • ⇒ Old English: beswemman
  • Old Saxon: *swemmian
    • Middle Low German: swemmen
  • Old Dutch: *swemmen
    • Middle Dutch: swemmen
      • Dutch: zwemmen
      • Limburgish: zwömme
  • Old High German: *swemmen
    • Middle High German: swemmen
      • German: schwemmen