Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stundō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A nominal zero-grade derivative of *standaną (“to stand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstun.dɔː/

Noun

*stundō f

1. mark, marker
2. point in time
3. period of time

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *stundō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stundō	*stundôz
vocative	*stundō	*stundôz
accusative	*stundǭ	*stundōz
genitive	*stundōz	*stundǫ̂
dative	*stundōi	*stundōmaz
instrumental	*stundō	*stundōmiz

Derived terms

• *stundōną

Related terms

• *standaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stundu
  • Old English: stund
    • Middle English: stound, stounde, stond
      • English: stound
      • Scots: stound, stownd
  • Old Frisian: stunde
    • North Frisian: stuwn
    • Saterland Frisian: Stuunde, Stúunde (rare)
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: stuuns (adverb)
    • West Frisian: stûne m or f
  • Old Saxon: stunda
    • Middle Low German: stunde
      • German Low German: Stunn, Stünne, Stünn
      • Low German: Stund, Stunn, Stünn
  • Old Dutch: stunda
    • Middle Dutch: stonde, stont
      • Dutch: stond
        • Afrikaans: stonde
  • Old High German: stunta, stunt
    • Middle High German: stunde, stunt
      • Alemannic German: Schtund, Stund (Alsatian)
      • Bavarian: Stund
      • Hunsrik: Stunn
      • German: Stunde
        • → Kashubian: sztënia
        • → Lower Sorbian: štunda
        • → Yiddish: שטונדע (shtunde)
        • → Latvian: stunda
        • → Slovincian: sztënja
      • Yiddish: שטונד (shtund)
• Old Norse: stund
  • Icelandic: stund
  • Faroese: stund
  • Norwegian Bokmål: stund
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stund
  • Old Swedish: stund
    • Swedish: stund
    • → Finnish: tunti
  • Danish: stund
• Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*stunda)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *stunda (alternatively from Old Low Frankish)
    • Old French: estondee, ètondée
    • Catalan: estona
    • Corsican: stonda
    • Italian: stonda
    • Sardinian: istunda, stunda