Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stapjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *stappijaną

Etymology

From *stapiz, or back-formed from *stappōną.

Verb

*stapjaną

1. to step

Inflection

Conjugation of *stapjaną (strong class 6 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stapjō	*stapjaų	—	*stapjai	?
2nd singular	*stapisi	*stapjais	*stapi	*stapjasai	*stapjaisau
3rd singular	*stapiþi	*stapjai	*stapjaþau	*stapjaþai	*stapjaiþau
1st dual	*stapjōs	*stapjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stapjaþiz	*stapjaiþiz	*stapjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stapjamaz	*stapjaim	—	*stapjanþai	*stapjainþau
2nd plural	*stapiþ	*stapjaiþ	*stapiþ	*stapjanþai	*stapjainþau
3rd plural	*stapjanþi	*stapjain	*stapjanþau	*stapjanþai	*stapjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stōp	*stōpį̄
2nd singular	*stōft	*stōpīz
3rd singular	*stōp	*stōpī
1st dual	*stōpū	*stōpīw
2nd dual	*stōpudiz	*stōpīdiz
1st plural	*stōpum	*stōpīm
2nd plural	*stōpud	*stōpīd
3rd plural	*stōpun	*stōpīn
	present	past
participles	*stapjandz	*stapanaz

Derived terms

• *stōpiz

Related terms

• *stappaną
• *stappōną
• *stapô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stappjan
  • Old English: stæppan, steppan
    • Middle English: steppen, stappen
      • English: step
        • → Dutch: steppen
      • Scots: stap, stop, step
  • Old Frisian: steppa, stapa
    • North Frisian: stape
    • Saterland Frisian: stappe
    • West Frisian: stappe
  • Old Saxon: steppian
    • Middle Low German: stappen, stippen
      • German Low German: stappen
  • Old Dutch: *stappen, *steppen
    • Middle Dutch: stappen
      • Dutch: stappen
        • Afrikaans: stap
  • Old High German: stepfen, stephen
    • Middle High German: stepfen
      • German: stepfen (obsolete)