Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stankwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stinkwaną (“to hit, to clash, to stink”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstaŋʷ.kʷi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stankwijaną

1. to cause to stumble or hit against
2. to cause to spring forth, to scatter
3. to make stink

Inflection

Conjugation of *stankwijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stankwijō	*stankwijaų	—	*stankwijai	?
2nd singular	*stankwīsi	*stankwijais	*stankwī	*stankwijasai	*stankwijaisau
3rd singular	*stankwīþi	*stankwijai	*stankwijaþau	*stankwijaþai	*stankwijaiþau
1st dual	*stankwijōs	*stankwijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stankwijaþiz	*stankwijaiþiz	*stankwijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stankwijamaz	*stankwijaim	—	*stankwijanþai	*stankwijainþau
2nd plural	*stankwīþ	*stankwijaiþ	*stankwīþ	*stankwijanþai	*stankwijainþau
3rd plural	*stankwijanþi	*stankwijain	*stankwijanþau	*stankwijanþai	*stankwijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stankwidǭ	*stankwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stankwidēz	*stankwidēdīz
3rd singular	*stankwidē	*stankwidēdī
1st dual	*stankwidēdū	*stankwidēdīw
2nd dual	*stankwidēdudiz	*stankwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stankwidēdum	*stankwidēdīm
2nd plural	*stankwidēdud	*stankwidēdīd
3rd plural	*stankwidēdun	*stankwidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stankwijandz	*stankwidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stankwijan
  • Old English: stenċan
    • Middle English: stenchen, stenche
      • English: stench (obsolete)
  • Old Saxon: *stenkian
    • Middle Low German: stenken
  • Old High German: stenken
    • Middle High German: stenken
• Old Norse: stǫkkva
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gastagqjan)