Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stainaz (“stone”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stainijaną

1. To stone, to pelt with stones

Inflection

Conjugation of *stainijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stainijō	*stainijaų	—	*stainijai	?
2nd singular	*stainīsi	*stainijais	*stainī	*stainijasai	*stainijaisau
3rd singular	*stainīþi	*stainijai	*stainijaþau	*stainijaþai	*stainijaiþau
1st dual	*stainijōs	*stainijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stainijaþiz	*stainijaiþiz	*stainijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stainijamaz	*stainijaim	—	*stainijanþai	*stainijainþau
2nd plural	*stainīþ	*stainijaiþ	*stainīþ	*stainijanþai	*stainijainþau
3rd plural	*stainijanþi	*stainijain	*stainijanþau	*stainijanþai	*stainijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stainidǭ	*stainidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stainidēz	*stainidēdīz
3rd singular	*stainidē	*stainidēdī
1st dual	*stainidēdū	*stainidēdīw
2nd dual	*stainidēdudiz	*stainidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stainidēdum	*stainidēdīm
2nd plural	*stainidēdud	*stainidēdīd
3rd plural	*stainidēdun	*stainidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stainijandz	*stainidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stainijan
  • Old English: stǣnan
    • Middle English: stenen
  • Old Saxon: *stēnian
    • Middle Low German: stênen
  • Old Dutch: stēnen
    • Middle Dutch: stênen
      • Dutch: stenen (archaic)
  • Old High German: steinen
    • Middle High German: steinen
      • German: steinen (archaic)
• Old Norse: *steina
  • Faroese: steina
  • Icelandic: steina
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: steine, stene

    Norwegian Nynorsk: steine, steina

  • Swedish: stena
  • Danish: stene
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stainjan)