Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti or from *stōō (“a place, location, stowage”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔː.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stōjaną

1. to stow
2. to dam

Inflection

Conjugation of *stōjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stōjō	*stōjaų	—	*stōjai	?
2nd singular	*stōisi	*stōjais	*stōi	*stōjasai	*stōjaisau
3rd singular	*stōiþi	*stōjai	*stōjaþau	*stōjaþai	*stōjaiþau
1st dual	*stōjōs	*stōjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stōjaþiz	*stōjaiþiz	*stōjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stōjamaz	*stōjaim	—	*stōjanþai	*stōjainþau
2nd plural	*stōiþ	*stōjaiþ	*stōiþ	*stōjanþai	*stōjainþau
3rd plural	*stōjanþi	*stōjain	*stōjanþau	*stōjanþai	*stōjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stōidǭ	*stōidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stōidēz	*stōidēdīz
3rd singular	*stōidē	*stōidēdī
1st dual	*stōidēdū	*stōidēdīw
2nd dual	*stōidēdudiz	*stōidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stōidēdum	*stōidēdīm
2nd plural	*stōidēdud	*stōidēdīd
3rd plural	*stōidēdun	*stōidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stōjandz	*stōidaz

Alternative reconstructions

• *stōijaną, *stōwijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stōjan
  • Old Saxon: *stōwian
    • Middle Low German: stôwen, stouwen, stö̂uwen, stawen, steuwen, stûwen
      • German Low German: stauen
      • → Swedish: stuva
  • Old Dutch: *stōwen
    • Middle Dutch: stôwen, stouwen
      • Dutch: stuwen, stouwen
  • Old High German: stouwen
    • Middle High German: stouwen, stöuwen, stouen, stöuen, stoun
      • German: stauen
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stōjan, “to judge”)