Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spannaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Originally a strong verb of the seventh class, the long -n- comes from an earlier form *spanwaną-. Perhaps ultimately an ablautive form from the same source as *spinnaną (“to spin”),^[1] though Kroonen alternatively derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *spend- (“to stretch”), comparing Lithuanian spę́sti (“to snare”), Latvian spanda (“strap”), Old Church Slavonic спѫдъ (spǫdŭ, “corn-measure, measure, peck”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spannaną^[2]

to stretch, span

Inflection

Conjugation of *spannaną (strong class 7c)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spannō	*spannaų	—	*spannai	?
2nd singular	*spannizi	*spannaiz	*spann	*spannazai	*spannaizau
3rd singular	*spannidi	*spannai	*spannadau	*spannadai	*spannaidau
1st dual	*spannōz	*spannaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spannadiz	*spannaidiz	*spannadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spannamaz	*spannaim	—	*spannandai	*spannaindau
2nd plural	*spannid	*spannaid	*spannid	*spannandai	*spannaindau
3rd plural	*spannandi	*spannain	*spannandau	*spannandai	*spannaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spespann	*spespannį̄
2nd singular	*spespannt	*spespannīz
3rd singular	*spespann	*spespannī
1st dual	*spespannū	*spespannīw
2nd dual	*spespannudiz	*spespannīdiz
1st plural	*spespannum	*spespannīm
2nd plural	*spespannud	*spespannīd
3rd plural	*spespannun	*spespannīn

	present	past
participles	*spannandz	*spannanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: spannan
- Middle English: spannen
  - English: span
  - Scots: span
Old Frisian: spanna, sponna
- Saterland Frisian: sponne
- West Frisian: spanne
Old Saxon: spannan
- Middle Low German: spannen
  - German Low German: spannen
Old Dutch: *spannan
- Middle Dutch: spannen
  - Dutch: spannen
    - Afrikaans: span
Old High German: spannan
- Middle High German: spannen
  - German: spannen

References

^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “spannen1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spannan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[1] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “spannen1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spannan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[1]

[2]