Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *slobʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb related to *slēpaną (“to sleep”). The root is reconstructed by Kroonen as *slobʰ- (“to be slack, weak”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”), dialectal Lithuanian slãbnas, slõbnas (“idem”), Latvian slãbs (“idem”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈslɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slappōną

1. to be slack

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *slapp- against non-singular *slab-.

Conjugation of *slappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slappō	*slappǭ	—	*slappōi	?
2nd singular	*slappōsi	*slappōs	*slappō	*slappōsai	*slappōsau
3rd singular	*slappōþi	*slappō	*slappōþau	*slappōþai	*slappōþau
1st dual	*slappōs	*slappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*slappōþiz	*slappōþiz	*slappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*slappōmaz	*slappōm	—	*slappōnþai	*slappōnþau
2nd plural	*slappōþ	*slappōþ	*slappōþ	*slappōnþai	*slappōnþau
3rd plural	*slappōnþi	*slappōn	*slappōnþau	*slappōnþai	*slappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slappōdǭ	*slappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*slappōdēz	*slappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*slappōdē	*slappōdēdī
1st dual	*slappōdēdū	*slappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*slappōdēdudiz	*slappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*slappōdēdum	*slappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*slappōdēdud	*slappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*slappōdēdun	*slappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*slappōndz	*slappōdaz

Related terms

• *slapaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *slappōn
  • Old Saxon: *slappōn
    • Middle Low German: slappen
  • Old Dutch: slappon
    • Middle Dutch: slappen
      • Dutch: slappen
  • Old High German: slaffōn
    • Middle High German: slaffen
• Old Norse: slappa, *slapa, *slabba, slafa (only attested in the reflexive 'slafast')
  • Danish: slappe
  • Faroese: slabba
  • Icelandic: slappa
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: slappe

    Norwegian Nynorsk: slappa, slapa

  • Swedish: slappa