Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skipą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain etymology.

One theory derives it from Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-, *ski-b-. Compare Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”). (Proto-Germanic *skapjaną has been considered related as well, but the phonetics pose difficulties.) The original meaning inherited from Proto-Indo-European was likely “hollowed tree”, and all daughter languages agree in the meaning “ship”, thus the specified meaning “ship” is assumed for Proto-Germanic, however the Old High German word also had the meaning “hollow object” and described various vessels and containers, so the Proto-Germanic word could also have been used in a more generic fashion. Moreover, one meaning does not have to exclude the other by rule. Compare the development of Old Norse skeið (“sheath; spoon; ship”), also from an extension of *skey-; cf. also unrelated Latin vās (“hollow object”), source of French vaisseau (“vessel”).

Kroonen instead claims that this word would rather be a loanword from Latin scyphus (“drinking vessel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈski.pɑ̃/

Noun

*skipą n

1. ship

   Synonyms: *baitaz, *keulaz

2. (possibly) any hollow or concave manmade object
3. (West Germanic) vessel, tub

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *skipą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skipą	*skipō
vocative	*skipą	*skipō
accusative	*skipą	*skipō
genitive	*skipas, *skipis	*skipǫ̂
dative	*skipai	*skipamaz
instrumental	*skipō	*skipamiz

Related terms

• *skībǭ (“slice”) (possibly)

Derived terms

• *skipafardiz
• *skipamann-
• *skipōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skip
  • Old English: sċip, sċyp
    • Middle English: schip, schup
      • Scots: ship, schip
      • English: ship
        • → Esperanto: ŝipo
  • Old Frisian: skip
    • North Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Skip, Schip
    • West Frisian: skip
  • Old Saxon: skip
    • Middle Low German: schip, schep
      • Low German: Schipp
        • German Low German: Schipp, Schip
        • Plautdietsch: Schepp
  • Old Dutch: *skip, scip
    • Middle Dutch: schip, schep
      • Dutch: schip
        • Afrikaans: skip
      • Limburgish: sjeep
  • Old High German: skif, skef
    • Middle High German: schif, schef
      • Bavarian: Schiff, Scheff
      • Central Franconian: Scheff, Schoff, Schöff (parts of Eifel, southwestern Ripuarian)
        • Hunsrik: Schiff
        • Luxembourgish: Schëff
      • German: Schiff
      • Yiddish: שיף (shif)
    • → Old Italian: schifo
      • Italian: schifo
      • ⇒ English: skeevy
      • ⇒ English: skeeve
      • → Middle French: esquif
        • French: esquif
        • → Middle English: skif
          • English: skiff
            • → Russian: скиф (skif)
• Old Norse: skip
  • Icelandic: skip
  • Faroese: skip
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skip
  • Old Swedish: skip
    • Swedish: skepp
  • Old Danish: skip
    • Danish: skib
      • Norwegian Bokmål: skip
    • Scanian: śevv
  • → Irish: scib
  • → Scottish Gaelic: sgioba
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip)