Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skawwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, look, feel, take note of”). Cognate with Latin cavēre (“to beware, heed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑw.wɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skawwōną

1. to look, see, watch

Inflection

Conjugation of *skawwōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skawwō	*skawwǭ	—	*skawwōi	?
2nd singular	*skawwōsi	*skawwōs	*skawwō	*skawwōsai	*skawwōsau
3rd singular	*skawwōþi	*skawwō	*skawwōþau	*skawwōþai	*skawwōþau
1st dual	*skawwōs	*skawwōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skawwōþiz	*skawwōþiz	*skawwōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skawwōmaz	*skawwōm	—	*skawwōnþai	*skawwōnþau
2nd plural	*skawwōþ	*skawwōþ	*skawwōþ	*skawwōnþai	*skawwōnþau
3rd plural	*skawwōnþi	*skawwōn	*skawwōnþau	*skawwōnþai	*skawwōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skawwōdǭ	*skawwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*skawwōdēz	*skawwōdēdīz
3rd singular	*skawwōdē	*skawwōdēdī
1st dual	*skawwōdēdū	*skawwōdēdīw
2nd dual	*skawwōdēdudiz	*skawwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*skawwōdēdum	*skawwōdēdīm
2nd plural	*skawwōdēdud	*skawwōdēdīd
3rd plural	*skawwōdēdun	*skawwōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skawwōndz	*skawwōdaz

Related terms

• *skauniz
• *skuþōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skauwōn
  • Old English: sċēawian
    • Middle English: schawen, schewen, schowen; scheawing, scewing
      • English: show (archaic shew)
      • Scots: shaw
    • ⇒ Old English: sċēawung
      • Middle English: schawung, shawing, schewinge, schewynge
        • English: showing
        • Scots: shawing, showing
      • → Old French: escauvinghe, escauwage; scawageour
        • → Middle English: scavage, schevage, schewage; scavager
          • Scots: scavanger, scawanger
          • English: scavage; scavenger
  • Old Frisian: skāwia, skōwia, skōia
    • Saterland Frisian: skauje
    • West Frisian: skôgje, skoaie, skouje
  • Old Saxon: skauwōn
    • Middle Low German: schouwen
      • German Low German: schauen, schoen
        • ⇒ German Low German: wohrschoen
  • Old Dutch: scouwon
    • Middle Dutch: schouwen
      • Dutch: schouwen
  • Old High German: skouwōn, scouwōn
    • Middle High German: schouwen
      • German: schauen
• ⇒ Old Norse: skygna
• → Proto-Finnic:
  • Estonian: kava
  • Finnish: kaava