Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/safjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*sabjaną

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *sh̥́₁p-ye-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Related to Latin sapiō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*safjaną

to perceive, notice

Inflection

Conjugation of *safjaną (strong class 6 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*safjō	*safjaų	—	*safjai	?
2nd singular	*safisi	*safjais	*safi	*safjasai	*safjaisau
3rd singular	*safiþi	*safjai	*safjaþau	*safjaþai	*safjaiþau
1st dual	*safjōs	*safjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*safjaþiz	*safjaiþiz	*safjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*safjamaz	*safjaim	—	*safjanþai	*safjainþau
2nd plural	*safiþ	*safjaiþ	*safiþ	*safjanþai	*safjainþau
3rd plural	*safjanþi	*safjain	*safjanþau	*safjanþai	*safjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sōf	*sōbį̄
2nd singular	*sōft	*sōbīz
3rd singular	*sōf	*sōbī
1st dual	*sōbū	*sōbīw
2nd dual	*sōbudiz	*sōbīdiz
1st plural	*sōbum	*sōbīm
2nd plural	*sōbud	*sōbīd
3rd plural	*sōbun	*sōbīn

	present	past
participles	*safjandz	*sabanaz

Descendants

Old Saxon: anseffian, biseffian
Old High German: intseffen
- Middle High German: entseben

References

Guus Kroonen (2013) “*safjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 419-420
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 538-539