Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rīkijaz (“rulership, kingdom”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈriː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rīkijaną

1. to lord over, govern; rule, reign

Inflection

Conjugation of *rīkijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rīkijō	*rīkijaų	—	*rīkijai	?
2nd singular	*rīkīsi	*rīkijais	*rīkī	*rīkijasai	*rīkijaisau
3rd singular	*rīkīþi	*rīkijai	*rīkijaþau	*rīkijaþai	*rīkijaiþau
1st dual	*rīkijōs	*rīkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rīkijaþiz	*rīkijaiþiz	*rīkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rīkijamaz	*rīkijaim	—	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau
2nd plural	*rīkīþ	*rīkijaiþ	*rīkīþ	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau
3rd plural	*rīkijanþi	*rīkijain	*rīkijanþau	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rīkidǭ	*rīkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rīkidēz	*rīkidēdīz
3rd singular	*rīkidē	*rīkidēdī
1st dual	*rīkidēdū	*rīkidēdīw
2nd dual	*rīkidēdudiz	*rīkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rīkidēdum	*rīkidēdīm
2nd plural	*rīkidēdud	*rīkidēdīd
3rd plural	*rīkidēdun	*rīkidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*rīkijandz	*rīkidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rīkijan
  • Old Saxon: *rīkian
    • Middle Low German: rîken, rîchen (“to rule, govern”)
  • Old High German: *rīhhen
    • Middle High German: rīchen, riechen (“to rule, govern”)
    • ⇒ Old High German: girīhhan (a strong verb, possibly analogical)
• Old Norse: ríkja
  • Icelandic: ríkja
  • → Middle English: riken (“to reign”)