Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly represents a Pre-Germanic *blu(gʰ/ǵʰ)néh₂-, with Kroonen leaving the origin open. Alternatively, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pilūc(i)cāre, but the historical evidence is shaky.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpluk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*plukkōną

1. to pluck, pull out or off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *plukk- against *plug-.

Conjugation of *plukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*plukkō	*plukkǭ	—	*plukkōi	?
2nd singular	*plukkōsi	*plukkōs	*plukkō	*plukkōsai	*plukkōsau
3rd singular	*plukkōþi	*plukkō	*plukkōþau	*plukkōþai	*plukkōþau
1st dual	*plukkōs	*plukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*plukkōþiz	*plukkōþiz	*plukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*plukkōmaz	*plukkōm	—	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau
2nd plural	*plukkōþ	*plukkōþ	*plukkōþ	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau
3rd plural	*plukkōnþi	*plukkōn	*plukkōnþau	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*plukkōdǭ	*plukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*plukkōdēz	*plukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*plukkōdē	*plukkōdēdī
1st dual	*plukkōdēdū	*plukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*plukkōdēdudiz	*plukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*plukkōdēdum	*plukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*plukkōdēdud	*plukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*plukkōdēdun	*plukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*plukkōndz	*plukkōdaz

Derived terms

• *plukkô/*pluggô
• *plukkijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *plukkōn
  • Old English: ploccian, pluccian
    • Middle English: plukken, ploke, plokke, plucke, pluk, pluke, plukke, plukkyn
      • English: pluck
      • Scots: pluck
  • Old Frisian: *plokkia
    • Saterland Frisian: plukje
    • West Frisian: ploaitsje, plôkje
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: hērplokkia
  • Old Saxon: *plukkōn
    • Middle Low German: plucken
      • Low German: ploken
  • Old Dutch: *plukkon
    • Middle Dutch: plocken, plucken
      • Dutch: plukken
        • Afrikaans: pluk
        • Jersey Dutch: plökke
      • Flemish: plokken
  • Old High German: phlockōn, *phlucken
    • Middle High German: pflocken, pflucken, pflücken
      • German: pflocken (obsolete), pflücken
      • Hunsrik: plicke
      • Luxembourgish: plécken
      • Rhine Franconian: plicke, plocke
• Old Norse: plukka, plokka (possibly borrowed from Low German)
  • Icelandic: plokka
  • Norwegian: plukke
  • Swedish: plocka
  • Danish: plukke