Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plōgijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *plōgaz (“plough”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈplɔː.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*plōgijaną

to plough, to plow

Inflection

Conjugation of *plōgijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*plōgijō	*plōgijaų	—	*plōgijai	?
2nd singular	*plōgīsi	*plōgijais	*plōgī	*plōgijasai	*plōgijaisau
3rd singular	*plōgīþi	*plōgijai	*plōgijaþau	*plōgijaþai	*plōgijaiþau
1st dual	*plōgijōs	*plōgijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*plōgijaþiz	*plōgijaiþiz	*plōgijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*plōgijamaz	*plōgijaim	—	*plōgijanþai	*plōgijainþau
2nd plural	*plōgīþ	*plōgijaiþ	*plōgīþ	*plōgijanþai	*plōgijainþau
3rd plural	*plōgijanþi	*plōgijain	*plōgijanþau	*plōgijanþai	*plōgijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*plōgidǭ	*plōgidēdį̄
2nd singular	*plōgidēz	*plōgidēdīz
3rd singular	*plōgidē	*plōgidēdī
1st dual	*plōgidēdū	*plōgidēdīw
2nd dual	*plōgidēdudiz	*plōgidēdīdiz
1st plural	*plōgidēdum	*plōgidēdīm
2nd plural	*plōgidēdud	*plōgidēdīd
3rd plural	*plōgidēdun	*plōgidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*plōgijandz	*plōgidaz

Synonyms

*arjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *plōgijan
- Old Saxon: *plōgian
  - Middle Low German: plȫgen
- Old Dutch: *pluogen
  - Middle Dutch: ploegen
    - Dutch: ploegen
    - Limburgish: plógke
- Old High German: *pfluogen
  - Middle High German: pflügen
    - German: pflügen
    - Rhine Franconian: pluge, pluje
Old Norse: plǿgja, plœgja
- Icelandic: plægja
- Faroese: pløga
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: pløye
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: pløye
- Swedish: plöja
- Danish: pløje