Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/makaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin; there exist numerous formations across Indo-European branches with similar semantics and phonetics involving a bilabial nasal *m initial and a velar or palatovelar *k, *g, *ḱ, *ǵ final in the root, albeit with subtle phonetic issues that are difficult to reconcile.
Kroonen tentatively derives the adjective from a Proto-Indo-European *meg- (“to be comfortable, pleasant”), and connects Old Irish mám (“yoke”) (< *mag-mo-), Lithuanian mė́gti (“to like”) (< *meg-ye-). He rejects other theories, which take the form of the Indo-European root as *meh₂ǵ-, *meh₂ḱ- (“to knead”) and connect Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to handle, knead”) (see there for more), instead postulating that the original sense was more likely "to match, put together" rather than "to knead".[1] However, Derksen considers the Lithuanian to derive from a different root, rendering Kroonen's theory more uncertain.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*makaz
Inflection
[edit]| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *makaz | *makai | *makō | *makôz | *maką, -atō | *makō |
| Accusative | *makanǭ | *makanz | *makǭ | *makōz | *maką, -atō | *makō |
| Genitive | *makas, -is | *makaizǫ̂ | *makaizōz | *makaizǫ̂ | *makas, -is | *makaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *makammai | *makaimaz | *makaizōi | *makaimaz | *makammai | *makaimaz |
| Instrumental | *makanō | *makaimiz | *makaizō | *makaimiz | *makanō | *makaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *makô | *makaniz | *makǭ | *makōniz | *makô | *makōnō |
| Accusative | *makanų | *makanunz | *makōnų | *makōnunz | *makô | *makōnō |
| Genitive | *makiniz | *makanǫ̂ | *makōniz | *makōnǫ̂ | *makiniz | *makanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *makini | *makammaz | *makōni | *makōmaz | *makini | *makammaz |
| Instrumental | *makinē | *makammiz | *makōnē | *makōmiz | *makinē | *makammiz |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *mak
- Old Norse: makr