Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lubjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lubją (“herb, poison”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlub.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lubjaną

to apply a herb or potion
to heal
to poison

Conjugation

Conjugation of *lubjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*lubjō	*lubjaų	—	*lubjai	?
2nd singular	*lubisi	*lubjais	*lubi	*lubjasai	*lubjaisau
3rd singular	*lubiþi	*lubjai	*lubjaþau	*lubjaþai	*lubjaiþau
1st dual	*lubjōs	*lubjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lubjaþiz	*lubjaiþiz	*lubjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*lubjamaz	*lubjaim	—	*lubjanþai	*lubjainþau
2nd plural	*lubiþ	*lubjaiþ	*lubiþ	*lubjanþai	*lubjainþau
3rd plural	*lubjanþi	*lubjain	*lubjanþau	*lubjanþai	*lubjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lubidǭ	*lubidēdį̄
2nd singular	*lubidēz	*lubidēdīz
3rd singular	*lubidē	*lubidēdī
1st dual	*lubidēdū	*lubidēdīw
2nd dual	*lubidēdudiz	*lubidēdīdiz
1st plural	*lubidēdum	*lubidēdīm
2nd plural	*lubidēdud	*lubidēdīd
3rd plural	*lubidēdun	*lubidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*lubjandz	*lubidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lubbjan
- Old English: *lybban
  - Middle English: *libben (found in Middle English libbyng, lybbere)
    - English: lib
    - Scots: lib
- Old Saxon: lubbian
  - Middle Low German: lübben
- Old Dutch: *lubben
  - Middle Dutch: lubben
    - Dutch: lubben
- Old High German: lubben
  - Middle High German: lüppen
Old Norse: lyfja
- Icelandic: lyfja