Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liuhtijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *leuhtą (“light”) +‎ *-janą (“denominative suffix”) or *leuhtaz (“light, bright”) +‎ *-janą (“factitive suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯x.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*liuhtijaną

1. to give light, shine

Inflection

Conjugation of *liuhtijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*liuhtijō	*liuhtijaų	—	*liuhtijai	?
2nd singular	*liuhtīsi	*liuhtijais	*liuhtī	*liuhtijasai	*liuhtijaisau
3rd singular	*liuhtīþi	*liuhtijai	*liuhtijaþau	*liuhtijaþai	*liuhtijaiþau
1st dual	*liuhtijōs	*liuhtijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*liuhtijaþiz	*liuhtijaiþiz	*liuhtijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*liuhtijamaz	*liuhtijaim	—	*liuhtijanþai	*liuhtijainþau
2nd plural	*liuhtīþ	*liuhtijaiþ	*liuhtīþ	*liuhtijanþai	*liuhtijainþau
3rd plural	*liuhtijanþi	*liuhtijain	*liuhtijanþau	*liuhtijanþai	*liuhtijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*liuhtidǭ	*liuhtidēdį̄
2nd singular	*liuhtidēz	*liuhtidēdīz
3rd singular	*liuhtidē	*liuhtidēdī
1st dual	*liuhtidēdū	*liuhtidēdīw
2nd dual	*liuhtidēdudiz	*liuhtidēdīdiz
1st plural	*liuhtidēdum	*liuhtidēdīm
2nd plural	*liuhtidēdud	*liuhtidēdīd
3rd plural	*liuhtidēdun	*liuhtidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*liuhtijandz	*liuhtidaz

Derived terms

• *inliuhtijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *liuhtijan
  • Old English: līehtan
    • Middle English: lihten, lighten
      • English: light
      • Scots: licht
  • Old Saxon: liuhtian
    • Middle Low German: luchten
      • German Low German: lüchten
      • → Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)
  • Old Dutch: liuhten
    • Middle Dutch: luchten
      • Dutch: luchten (obsolete)
  • Old High German: liuhten
    • Middle High German: liuhten
      • German: leuchten
      • Yiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)
      • Bavarian: laichdn
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (liuhtjan)