Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laugnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *laugniz, *laugnijaz

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *lowg-no-s, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯ɣ.nɑz/

Adjective

*laugnaz

1. hidden

Inflection

Declension of *laugnaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*laugnaz	*laugnō	*laugną, *-at(ō)		*laugnai	*laugnôz	*laugnō
accusative	*laugnanǭ	*laugnǭ	*laugną, *-at(ō)		*laugnanz	*laugnōz	*laugnō
genitive	*laugnas, *laugnis	*laugnaizōz	*laugnas, *laugnis		*laugnaizǫ̂	*laugnaizǫ̂	*laugnaizǫ̂
dative	*laugnammai	*laugnaizōi	*laugnammai		*laugnaimaz	*laugnaimaz	*laugnaimaz
instrumental	*laugnanō	*laugnaizō	*laugnanō		*laugnaimiz	*laugnaimiz	*laugnaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*laugnô	*laugnǭ	*laugnô		*laugnaniz	*laugnōniz	*laugnōnō
accusative	*laugnanų	*laugnōnų	*laugnô		*laugnanunz	*laugnōnunz	*laugnōnō
genitive	*laugniniz	*laugnōniz	*laugniniz		*laugnanǫ̂	*laugnōnǫ̂	*laugnanǫ̂
dative	*laugnini	*laugnōni	*laugnini		*laugnammaz	*laugnōmaz	*laugnammaz
instrumental	*laugninē	*laugnōnē	*laugninē		*laugnammiz	*laugnōmiz	*laugnammiz

Derived terms

• *laugnijaną

Related terms

• *leuganą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *laugnī (< *laugniz/*laugnijaz)
  • Old English: *līegne
    • ⇒ Old English: unlīegne (“undeniable, unquestionable, incontrovertible”)
• Old Norse: laun
  • Norwegian Bokmål: lønn
  • Swedish: lönn-
  • Danish: løn
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐍃 (analaugns)