Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *lapnéh₂-. The root was probably onomatopoeic and might have come about after the PIE period proper. Related to Latin lambō (“to lick”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lappōną

1. to lap, lick up

Inflection

Conjugation of *lappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lappō	*lappǭ	—	*lappōi	?
2nd singular	*lappōsi	*lappōs	*lappō	*lappōsai	*lappōsau
3rd singular	*lappōþi	*lappō	*lappōþau	*lappōþai	*lappōþau
1st dual	*lappōs	*lappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lappōþiz	*lappōþiz	*lappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*lappōmaz	*lappōm	—	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
2nd plural	*lappōþ	*lappōþ	*lappōþ	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
3rd plural	*lappōnþi	*lappōn	*lappōnþau	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lappōdǭ	*lappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*lappōdēz	*lappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*lappōdē	*lappōdēdī
1st dual	*lappōdēdū	*lappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*lappōdēdudiz	*lappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*lappōdēdum	*lappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*lappōdēdud	*lappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*lappōdēdun	*lappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*lappōndz	*lappōdaz

Descendants

The original paradigm was singular *lapp- against non-singular *lab-, with different leveling among the daughter languages.

• Old English: lapian
  • Middle English: lapien, lappen
    • English: lap, lape (obsolete)
• Dutch: labben, lappen (early modern)
• Old Norse: *lapa
  • Old Swedish: lapa
    • Swedish: lapa

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN