Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʷer.nuz/

Noun

*kwernuz f

millstone
handmill; quern

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *kwernuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kwernuz	*kwirniwiz
vocative	*kwernu	*kwirniwiz
accusative	*kwernų	*kwernunz
genitive	*kwernauz	*kwirniwǫ̂
dative	*kwirniwi	*kwernumaz
instrumental	*kwernū	*kwernumiz

Related terms

*kwernō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu
- Old Saxon: kwern, quern
  - Middle Low German: quern
- Old Dutch: *kwern
  - Middle Dutch: querne
    - Dutch: kweern
- Old High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn
  - Middle High German: kurn, kürn
Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus) (in 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (asiluqairnus))

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[1]