Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkun.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kundijaną

1. to light up, to kindle

Inflection

Conjugation of *kundijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kundijō	*kundijaų	—	*kundijai	?
2nd singular	*kundīsi	*kundijais	*kundī	*kundijasai	*kundijaisau
3rd singular	*kundīþi	*kundijai	*kundijaþau	*kundijaþai	*kundijaiþau
1st dual	*kundijōs	*kundijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kundijaþiz	*kundijaiþiz	*kundijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kundijamaz	*kundijaim	—	*kundijanþai	*kundijainþau
2nd plural	*kundīþ	*kundijaiþ	*kundīþ	*kundijanþai	*kundijainþau
3rd plural	*kundijanþi	*kundijain	*kundijanþau	*kundijanþai	*kundijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kundidǭ	*kundidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kundidēz	*kundidēdīz
3rd singular	*kundidē	*kundidēdī
1st dual	*kundidēdū	*kundidēdīw
2nd dual	*kundidēdudiz	*kundidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kundidēdum	*kundidēdīm
2nd plural	*kundidēdud	*kundidēdīd
3rd plural	*kundidēdun	*kundidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kundijandz	*kundidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kundijan
  • Old High German: *kunden
    • Middle High German: künden, künten
• Old Norse: kynda
  • Icelandic: kynda
  • Faroese: kynda
  • → Middle English: kinden
    • ⇒ English: kindle