Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kringaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From the strong verb *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).

Noun

*kringaz m

1. ring, circle

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kringaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kringaz	*kringōz, *kringōs
vocative	*kring	*kringōz, *kringōs
accusative	*kringą	*kringanz
genitive	*kringas, *kringis	*kringǫ̂
dative	*kringai	*kringamaz
instrumental	*kringō	*kringamiz

Descendants

• Old Saxon: *kring
  • Middle Low German: *kring
    • Low German: Kring
• Old Dutch: *kring
  • Middle Dutch: crinc
    • Dutch: kring
      • Afrikaans: kring
      • Negerhollands: rink
      • → Indonesian: kring; → lingkungan (semantic loan)
      • → Papiamentu: kren
    • Limburgish: krink
• Old High German: *kring
  • Middle High German: krinc
    • German: Kring (obsolete)
    • ⇒ Middle High German: kringel
      • German: Kringel, Krengel
        • → Russian: кре́ндель (kréndelʹ)
          • → English: krendel
• Old Norse: kringr
  • Faroese: kringur
  • Icelandic: kringur
  • ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: kring, omkring, ikring, kringom
  • ⇒ Swedish: kring, omkring, ikring

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “kringa”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305