Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *gromH-néh₂-ti, closely related to the strong verb *krimmaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɑm.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krammōną

1. to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *krammōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krammō	*krammǭ	—	*krammōi	?
2nd singular	*krammōsi	*krammōs	*krammō	*krammōsai	*krammōsau
3rd singular	*krammōþi	*krammō	*krammōþau	*krammōþai	*krammōþau
1st dual	*krammōs	*krammōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krammōþiz	*krammōþiz	*krammōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*krammōmaz	*krammōm	—	*krammōnþai	*krammōnþau
2nd plural	*krammōþ	*krammōþ	*krammōþ	*krammōnþai	*krammōnþau
3rd plural	*krammōnþi	*krammōn	*krammōnþau	*krammōnþai	*krammōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krammōdǭ	*krammōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*krammōdēz	*krammōdēdīz
3rd singular	*krammōdē	*krammōdēdī
1st dual	*krammōdēdū	*krammōdēdīw
2nd dual	*krammōdēdudiz	*krammōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*krammōdēdum	*krammōdēdīm
2nd plural	*krammōdēdud	*krammōdēdīd
3rd plural	*krammōdēdun	*krammōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*krammōndz	*krammōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *krammōn
  • Old English: crammian
    • Middle English: crammen
      • English: cram
  • Old Dutch: *krammōn
    • Middle Dutch: krammen
  • Old High German: *krammōn
    • Middle High German: krammen
• Old Norse:
  • >? Swedish: krama