Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *knukô +‎ *-ilaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈknu.ki.lɑz/

Noun

*knukilaz m

1. knuckle, small bone
2. knot, bump

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *knukilaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*knukilaz	*knukilōz, *knukilōs
vocative	*knukil	*knukilōz, *knukilōs
accusative	*knukilą	*knukilanz
genitive	*knukilas, *knukilis	*knukilǫ̂
dative	*knukilai	*knukilamaz
instrumental	*knukilō	*knukilamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *knukil
  • Old English: cnucel, cnyċel, *cnocel
    • Middle English: knokel, knokelle, knokill, knokyl, knokylle
      • English: knuckle
      • Scots: knockle
      • Yola: noughel
  • Old Frisian: knokel
    • Saterland Frisian: Knouel
    • West Frisian: knokkel
  • Old Saxon: *knukil
    • Middle Low German: knö̂kel, knuckel
      • Dutch Low Saxon:

        Twents: knökel

      • German Low German:

        Altmärkisch: Knäöw'l

        Westphalian:

        Dortmunder: Knüakel

        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Knökel

        Sauerländisch: Knüekel, Knöekel (Balve), Knǖkel (Niedersfeld), Knüökel (Attendorn), Kniäkel (Kirchhundem, Selbecke)

      • → Danish: knogle
  • Old Dutch: *knukil
    • Middle Dutch: cnôkel, cnockel
      • Dutch: knokkel, kneukel
        • Afrikaans: kneukel
      • West Flemish: knekel
  • Old High German: *knuchil
    • Middle High German: knöchel
      • German: Knöchel (ankle, knuckle)
      • Hunsrik: Knechel
      • Luxembourgish: Knéchel
      • Yiddish: קנעכל (knekhl)
• Old Norse: knykill
  • Elfdalian: kniųokel