Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *ģnu-gon-, itself potentially related to *ǵónu (“knee”). The nature of the relation of the root to Lithuanian gniáužti (“to close one's hand”) is unclear.

Older theories derived the root from Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“a bundle; knot”), extended from the root *gen- (“to pinch; clench; ball up”), with the suffix *-kô used in some names of body parts, and compared with Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós), Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos), Sanskrit कन्द (kanda).

In any case, compare Italian gnocco.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈknu.kɔːː/

Noun

*knukô m

1. joint, bone

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *knukô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*knukô	*knukaniz
vocative	*knukô	*knukaniz
accusative	*knukanų	*knukanunz
genitive	*knukiniz	*knukanǫ̂
dative	*knukini	*knukammaz
instrumental	*knukinē	*knukammiz

Derived terms

• *knukilaz (“knuckle, knot, bump”)
• *knukōną (“to knock, strike”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *knokō, *knokā f (Elbe Germanic)
  • Old Frisian: *knuko, *knoko
    • North Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke
    • Saterland Frisian: Knoke
  • Old Saxon: *knuko
    • Middle Low German: *knocke
      • Low German: Knaak, Knaken
      • Plautdietsch: Knoaken
      • → Norwegian: knoke
  • Old Dutch: *knuko
    • Middle Dutch: cnoke
      • Dutch: knook
        • Afrikaans: knok
  • Old High German: knohha
    • Middle High German: knoche
      • Alemannic German: Chnoche
      • Central Franconian:

        Hunsrik: Knoche

        Kölsch: Knoche

        Luxembourgish: Knachen

      • German: Knochen
    • → Emilian: gnôc, gnòc
    • → Italian: nocca
    • → Venetan: gnoco
      • → Italian: gnocco
• Old Norse: knúi (“knuckle”)
  • (Icelandic: kjúka)
  • Old Swedish: knōe, knōghe
    • Swedish: knoge
  • Danish: kno
  • Gutnish: knoke, knoka, knokå