Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klumpô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Perhaps leveled from an earlier n-stem *kl(e/a)mbô ~ *klumppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (“clasp; mass”), apparently a nasal-infixed form of *glebʰ- (“to clasp”) (compare Lithuanian glė́bti (“to clasp, clench, seize; to embrace; to take care of”), Latvian glēbt (“to guard, protect”); Lithuanian glóbti (“to hug, embrace; to wrap up; to care for”), Latvian glābt (“to guard, protect, help”); Slovene glábiti (“to rake together, gather”)), itself possibly extended from *gel- (“to form into a ball; ball”). Most cognates however are uncertain and affected by sound-symbolism; see e.g. Latin glaeba, globus, glomus and Proto-West Germanic *klott (“clod”).

On the other hand, Derksen considers the root in Germanic and Balto-Slavic to be an isogloss of substrate origin, due to variation in both the initial consonant (*g⁽ʰ⁾ ~ *k; cf. Lithuanian klė́bti (“to embrace”)) and final consonant (*bʰ ~ *(m)b)—the latter further evidenced by varying vowel length and accent in Baltic—as well as the intervening vowel (cf. Lithuanian glaũbti). Additionally there are similar words in both branches from initial *gr-: compare Proto-Germanic *krampô (“clamp”), Lithuanian grė́bti (“to rake; to seize, rob”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈklum.pɔːː/

Noun

*klumpô m(West Germanic)

1. clasp; clamp

   Synonym: *krampô

2. lump; mass; clump

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *klumpô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*klumpô	*klumpaniz
vocative	*klumpô	*klumpaniz
accusative	*klumpanų	*klumpanunz
genitive	*klumpiniz	*klumpanǫ̂
dative	*klumpini	*klumpammaz
instrumental	*klumpinē	*klumpammiz

Related terms

• *klupjaną

Descendants

• Old English: *clympe; clympre, clymppe
  • Middle English: clompe, clymppan (pl.)
    • English: clump
    • Scots: clump
• Old Frisian: klumpa
  • Saterland Frisian: Klump
  • West Frisian: klomp
• Old Saxon: *klumpo
  • Middle Low German: klumpe
    • German Low German: Klumpe, Klump
    • Low German: Klump
    • → Old Swedish: klumper
      • Swedish: klump
• Old Dutch: *klumpo
  • Middle Dutch: clompe, klompe
    • Dutch: klomp
      • Afrikaans: klomp
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: klumpu
      • Negerhollands: klomp, klump
      • → English: klomp, clomp
      • → Papiamentu: klòmpi, klompi, klòmp
      • → Sranan Tongo: klompu
• Old High German: *klumpo (Central German)
  • Middle High German: *klumpe (attested 15th c.)
    • German: Klumpen (reinforced by Low German)
    • Hunsrik: Klumpe