Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibāną

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A stative derived from the root of *klībaną (“to stick”).

Verb

*klibāną

1. to stick, to adhere

Inflection

Conjugation of *klibāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klibō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*klibaisi	?	*klibai	*klibāsai	?
3rd singular	*klibaiþi	?	*klibāþau	*klibāþai	?
1st dual	*klibōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klibāþiz	?	*klibāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*klibāmaz	?	—	*klibānþai	?
2nd plural	*klibaiþ	?	*klibaiþ	*klibānþai	?
3rd plural	*klibānþi	?	*klibānþau	*klibānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klibadǭ	*klibadēdį̄
2nd singular	*klibadēz	*klibadēdīz
3rd singular	*klibadē	*klibadēdī
1st dual	*klibadēdū	*klibadēdīw
2nd dual	*klibadēdudiz	*klibadēdīdiz
1st plural	*klibadēdum	*klibadēdīm
2nd plural	*klibadēdud	*klibadēdīd
3rd plural	*klibadēdun	*klibadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*klibāndz	*klibadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *klibēn
  • Old English: clifian, cleofian
    • Middle English: clivien, cleovien, clevien, cleven
      • English: cleave
      • Scots: cleve, cleif
  • Old Frisian: *klivia, *klevia
    • Saterland Frisian: klieuwje
    • West Frisian: kleevje, klibje
  • Old Saxon: klibōn, klivōn, *klevōn
    • Middle Low German: klēven
      • Low German: kliven
      • German Low German: kleven
  • Old Dutch: clivon
    • Middle Dutch: cleven
      • Dutch: kleven
        • Afrikaans: kleef, klewe
  • Old High German: klebēn, chlebēn; (Central German also) *klevōn (attested as clevōne, clivōda)
    • Middle High German: kleben
      • German: kleben
        • → Danish: klæbe
        • → Estonian: kleepima
        • → Swedish: klibba
      • Luxembourgish: kliewen
      • Yiddish: קלעפּן (klepn), קלעבן (klebn)
• Old Norse: klifa (possibly conflated with *klibōną?)
  • Icelandic: klifa

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN