Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kerbaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈker.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kerbaną^[1]^[2]

to cut

Inflection

Conjugation of *kerbaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kerbō	*kerbaų	—	*kerbai	?
2nd singular	*kirbizi	*kerbaiz	*kerb	*kerbazai	*kerbaizau
3rd singular	*kirbidi	*kerbai	*kerbadau	*kerbadai	*kerbaidau
1st dual	*kerbōz	*kerbaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kerbadiz	*kerbaidiz	*kerbadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kerbamaz	*kerbaim	—	*kerbandai	*kerbaindau
2nd plural	*kirbid	*kerbaid	*kirbid	*kerbandai	*kerbaindau
3rd plural	*kerbandi	*kerbain	*kerbandau	*kerbandai	*kerbaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*karb	*kurbį̄
2nd singular	*karft	*kurbīz
3rd singular	*karb	*kurbī
1st dual	*kurbū	*kurbīw
2nd dual	*kurbudiz	*kurbīdiz
1st plural	*kurbum	*kurbīm
2nd plural	*kurbud	*kurbīd
3rd plural	*kurbun	*kurbīn

	present	past
participles	*kerbandz	*kurbanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kerban
- Old English: ceorfan
  - Middle English: cherven
  - Middle English: kerven, carve, carven, cerven, karven, kerve, kirven, kyrvyn, ceorfan, ceorfæn, keorven (Early Middle English)
    - English: carve
    - Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf
- Old Frisian: kerva
  - North Frisian: karve
  - Saterland Frisian: käärwje
  - West Frisian: kerve
- Old Saxon: kervan
  - Middle Low German: kerven, karven
    - Low German: karven
    - → Danish: karve
    - → Swedish: karva
    - → Norwegian: karve
- Old Dutch: *kervan
  - Middle Dutch: kerven
    - Dutch: kerven
- Old High German: kerban
  - Middle High German: kërben
    - Alemannic German: chërbe, kërbe
    - German: kerben
    - East Franconian: kerwe
    - Vilamovian: karwa
    - Yiddish: קאַרבן (karbn)
    - → Polish: karbować

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kerban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kerbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kerban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kerbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

[1]

[2]