Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *geybʰ- (“to quarrel, dispute”). Cognate with Lithuanian geĩbti (“to weaken”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiː.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kībaną

1. to quarrel

Inflection

Conjugation of *kībaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kībō	*kībaų	—	*kībai	?
2nd singular	*kībizi	*kībaiz	*kīb	*kībazai	*kībaizau
3rd singular	*kībidi	*kībai	*kībadau	*kībadai	*kībaidau
1st dual	*kībōz	*kībaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kībadiz	*kībaidiz	*kībadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kībamaz	*kībaim	—	*kībandai	*kībaindau
2nd plural	*kībid	*kībaid	*kībid	*kībandai	*kībaindau
3rd plural	*kībandi	*kībain	*kībandau	*kībandai	*kībaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kaib	*kibį̄
2nd singular	*kaift	*kibīz
3rd singular	*kaib	*kibī
1st dual	*kibū	*kibīw
2nd dual	*kibudiz	*kibīdiz
1st plural	*kibum	*kibīm
2nd plural	*kibud	*kibīd
3rd plural	*kibun	*kibīn
	present	past
participles	*kībandz	*kibanaz

Related terms

• *kaibaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kīban
  • Old Frisian: zīvia
  • Old Saxon: *kīvan
    • Middle Low German: kîven
  • Old Dutch: *kīvan
    • Middle Dutch: kiven
      • Dutch: kijven
        • Afrikaans: kyf
  • Old High German: *kīban
    • Middle High German: kīben
      • German: keifen (influenced by Low and West Central German)
• Old Norse: kífa
  • Icelandic: kífa
  • Swedish: kiva
  • Danish: kives