Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jōsijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From otherwise unattested *jōsiz (“tumultuous”) +‎ *-janą, which is the vṛddhi gerundive of *jasaną (“to be loud; to struggle”), from Proto-Indo-European *yes- (“to well, seethe, foam, ferment”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɔː.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*jōsijaną

1. (North Germanic) to stir up, excite

Inflection

Conjugation of *jōsijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*jōsijō	*jōsijaų	—	*jōsijai	?
2nd singular	*jōsīsi	*jōsijais	*jōsī	*jōsijasai	*jōsijaisau
3rd singular	*jōsīþi	*jōsijai	*jōsijaþau	*jōsijaþai	*jōsijaiþau
1st dual	*jōsijōs	*jōsijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*jōsijaþiz	*jōsijaiþiz	*jōsijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*jōsijamaz	*jōsijaim	—	*jōsijanþai	*jōsijainþau
2nd plural	*jōsīþ	*jōsijaiþ	*jōsīþ	*jōsijanþai	*jōsijainþau
3rd plural	*jōsijanþi	*jōsijain	*jōsijanþau	*jōsijanþai	*jōsijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*jōsidǭ	*jōsidēdį̄
2nd singular	*jōsidēz	*jōsidēdīz
3rd singular	*jōsidē	*jōsidēdī
1st dual	*jōsidēdū	*jōsidēdīw
2nd dual	*jōsidēdudiz	*jōsidēdīdiz
1st plural	*jōsidēdum	*jōsidēdīm
2nd plural	*jōsidēdud	*jōsidēdīd
3rd plural	*jōsidēdun	*jōsidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*jōsijandz	*jōsidaz

Related terms

• *jesaną

Descendants

• Old Norse: ǿsa
  • Icelandic: æsa
  • Faroese: øsa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: øsa