Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *kviliti, *kvilěti (“to neigh, to squeak, to wail”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxʷiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwīnaną

1. to rush, make a rushing sound, whizz, hiss, squeal, whine

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwīnaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwīnō	*hwīnaų	—	*hwīnai	?
2nd singular	*hwīnizi	*hwīnaiz	*hwīn	*hwīnazai	*hwīnaizau
3rd singular	*hwīnidi	*hwīnai	*hwīnadau	*hwīnadai	*hwīnaidau
1st dual	*hwīnōz	*hwīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hwīnadiz	*hwīnaidiz	*hwīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hwīnamaz	*hwīnaim	—	*hwīnandai	*hwīnaindau
2nd plural	*hwīnid	*hwīnaid	*hwīnid	*hwīnandai	*hwīnaindau
3rd plural	*hwīnandi	*hwīnain	*hwīnandau	*hwīnandai	*hwīnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwain	*hwinį̄
2nd singular	*hwaint	*hwinīz
3rd singular	*hwain	*hwinī
1st dual	*hwinū	*hwinīw
2nd dual	*hwinudiz	*hwinīdiz
1st plural	*hwinum	*hwinīm
2nd plural	*hwinud	*hwinīd
3rd plural	*hwinun	*hwinīn
	present	past
participles	*hwīnandz	*hwinanaz

Related terms

• *hwinisōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwīnan
  • Old English: hwīnan
    • Middle English: hwinen, whinen
      • Scots: quhine, quhyn
      • English: whine
  • Old Saxon: hwīnan
• Old Norse: hvína
  • Icelandic: hvína
  • Faroese: hvína
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvine
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: kvine
  • Old Swedish: hvīna
    • Swedish: vina, hvina (pre-1906 spelling)
  • Danish: hvine
    • Norwegian Bokmål: hvine