Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hriþōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hriþiz (“shivers, fever”) +‎ *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *hrīþēn - *hrīþōn, which displays the full ablaut grade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxri.θɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hriþōną

1. to tremble
2. to shiver
3. to have a fever

Inflection

Conjugation of *hriþōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hriþō	*hriþǭ	—	*hriþōi	?
2nd singular	*hriþōsi	*hriþōs	*hriþō	*hriþōsai	*hriþōsau
3rd singular	*hriþōþi	*hriþō	*hriþōþau	*hriþōþai	*hriþōþau
1st dual	*hriþōs	*hriþōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hriþōþiz	*hriþōþiz	*hriþōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hriþōmaz	*hriþōm	—	*hriþōnþai	*hriþōnþau
2nd plural	*hriþōþ	*hriþōþ	*hriþōþ	*hriþōnþai	*hriþōnþau
3rd plural	*hriþōnþi	*hriþōn	*hriþōnþau	*hriþōnþai	*hriþōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hriþōdǭ	*hriþōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hriþōdēz	*hriþōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hriþōdē	*hriþōdēdī
1st dual	*hriþōdēdū	*hriþōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hriþōdēdudiz	*hriþōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hriþōdēdum	*hriþōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hriþōdēdud	*hriþōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hriþōdēdun	*hriþōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hriþōndz	*hriþōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hriþōn
  • Old English: hriþian
• Old Norse: riða (with unexpected loss of initial h-)
  • Icelandic: riða
  • Faroese: riða