Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrefaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *krép-os ~ *krép-es-os, from *krep-. Cognate with Proto-Italic *korpos (“body”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxre.ɸɑz/

Noun

*hrefaz n^[1]

body
Synonyms: *būkaz, *līką
torso; stomach
Synonyms: *būkaz, *ambô, *magô, *wambō

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *hrefaz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
vocative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
accusative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
genitive	*hrifiziz	*hrifizǫ̂
dative	*hrifizi	*hrifizumaz
instrumental	*hrifizē	*hrifizumiz

Derived terms

(possibly) *hrefalingaz (“a kind of shoe”)^[2]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrif
- Old English: hrif
  - Middle English: *rif
    - English: riff
- Old Frisian: hrif, href
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: inhrif, inhref
- Old Saxon: *hrif
  - Middle Low German: rif, ref
    - German Low German: Riff
- Old Dutch: ref
  - Middle Dutch: *rif
    - Dutch: rif
- Old High German: href

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrefiz-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrefaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “*xrefalinʒaz”

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrefiz-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrefaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “*xrefalinʒaz”

[1]

[2]